![]() ![]() For the parents, their child, and a toddler. This haunted house is built for a family of four. If you remove the holes from the walls, as well as the spider webs, cracks, and mice holes, you’ll get a perfect and beautifully decorated New Orleans house! It doesn’t have to be a Halloween or a haunted house, which is what I love the most about this Sims Halloween build. The Sims 4 Vampires wall decorations really helped me with achieving this look. It has been abandoned for a long time, therefore, I made it look run down and nasty. This beautiful house has a lot of antiques, giving it a vintage vibe. Since we are entering the spooky season and Halloween is knocking on our door, I wanted to create a spooky haunted house for your Sims Halloween experience! Happy simming! ♡ sims 4 tray ts4cc ts4 cc build sims 4 brownstone ts4 tray ts4 cc list ts4 cc finds sims 4 building sims 4 cc links sims 4 cc listĪ New Orleans haunted house in Willow Creek (The Sims 4 Base game) on a 20x30 lot. ♡ Tray files: New York Brownstone building ![]() Rustic Sims(Special gift, Navajo, Travera, Lofi) Simsational designs (Mesh dump, Hudson bathroom, Vara office, Paranormal Buymode Expanded, Rock'n Rockers, Kitayama living) Max 20 ( Cozy bathroom, Master bedroom, Fireplace ) Harrie (Octave, Brutalist, Halcyon, Spoons, Brownstone, Shop the look, Country)Ĭharly Pancakes (Modish, Soak, Miscellanea, Smol, Selection one, Lavish, Precious promises, Munch) ♡ Check it out here: New York Brownstone building || The Sims 4 Speed build and 2 different Brownstone apartments ♡ If you would like to have this both as a cáfe and a residential lot install this amazing mod: I also decorated a small community space on top of the roof and a tiny industrial street bar. The third one is a green apartment designed to be perfect for plant parents and plant lovers. ![]() The second one is an exotic apartment inspired by the Latin American and African cultures so I imagined the couple who lives here came from the different sides of the world and decided to combine their cultures in their city apartment. The first one is a built-in smart apartment for a family of four with only one bedroom but a lot of storage space! They are all designed in different styles. It has in total 8 apartments but I renovated the 3 of them. Today I’m sharing with you a New York Brownstone building! Happy simming! ♡ sims 4 ts4cc ts4 sims 4 cc sims 4 tray sims 4 cc list sims 4 cc links sims 4 townhouse sims 4 britechester Simsational designs (Atwood living, Vara office, MCA, Volta, Hudson bathroom) Pierisim (MCM, Oak house, The office, Coldbrew, Rold skov)Ĭlutter cat (Mermaid mansion, Farm friends, Mama Mia, 222)Ĭharly Pancakes (Modish, Miscellanea, Selection one, Lavish, Soak) Harrie (Porto, Octave, Brutalist, Halcyon, Spoons, Stockholm, Brownstone, Shop the look) Simsphony’s CC LIST - complete! (Here is the whole list of packs with their links that I’m using in my game)įelixandre + Felixandre free (Georgian, Colonial, Paris, Berlin, Kyoto, Petit Trianon, Schwerin, London, Grove, Shop the look, Florence) This Sims 4 Britechester townhouse is inspired by the beautiful historical European architecture but it’s furnished fully modern! Plus the color scheme was inspired by one of my favorite Disney villains Cruella De Vil.īritechester (The Sims 4 Discover university) Thanks! Lot Size: 20x15 Lot Price: 114,454 All my content (including pictures, screenshots, and descriptions) uploaded to MTS cannot be uploaded to any other site, in part or in full, without my written permission.I’m so late with this post and I’m so sorry for that…īut, today I’m sharing with you a Britechester townhouse. I will continue to upload more lots as I complete them. I'd love to get your opinions on it, what you like and what you don't. This plan was based off the floor plan provided here: The top floor's open floor plan lets your sims converse and interact with one another with ease, while the lower level's rec rooms have plenty of space for any activities your sims get up to.Īnd should cars ever be implemented, this plan has room for parking underneath the front deck! With deck access to nearly every room, you don't have to go far to enjoy the view, whatever the view may be.Ĭontaining two master suites, two additional bedrooms and four and a half bathrooms, there's plenty of room for everyone. This multi-level lot is great for a single sim family! ![]()
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![]() ![]() Or you can add more to the list by clicking on Generate button and selecting them subsequently. Hit the green button to copy to your clipboard and the red button to clear them.Ħ. To safeguard your privacy, prevent spam, or sign up for services without providing personal information, you might occasionally require a temporary or disposable email address. Select the words of your choice to the output box.ĥ. Unique Result Random Email Generator Introduction Email addresses are necessary for communication, account creation, and many other online activities in the modern world. The expected number of topics will appear below the button.Ĥ. The password generated, based on the user's parameters, is then checked. Parameters include password length, whether the password should be easy to say or read, and whether the password should have uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Click on the green “Generate” button to initiate.ģ. The LastPass password generator creates random passwords based on parameters set by you. Opt-in your number of desired words in the “Input Quantity” box.Ģ. Use our weird text generator to design fancy text for your social media accounts. You can play word games, guessing games, or generate random words for fun.ġ. Explore the origins, history and meaning of the famous passage, and learn how Lorem Ipsum went from scrambled Latin passage to ubiqitous dummy text. Versatile Usage: Multipurpose Usage: The range of its usage is wide where you can use this tool to fulfill your needs. Generate Lorem Ipsum placeholder text for use in your graphic, print and web layouts, and discover plugins for your favorite writing, design and blogging tools. Creative Ideas: The random topic words may help you think from a different stance of view and assist you in formulating remarks surrounding the topic. You can also choose an alternative domain name as they are usually not blacklisted (A new domain name is added every day). No inspiration : use the email address generator. Study Project: If you are struggling with selecting a topic for your study project, essay, or research, this random topic creator can help you with that, giving you an idea of sectors that you can put your thoughts in. Choose a disposable email address randomly (with ) No need to create an address : all disposable email accounts already exist on YOPmail. With is advanced artificial intelligence and non-pseudo-random algorithm, it provides you with topic ideas that can help you think and formulate creative new thoughts. You can combine the generated topic to create a whole new thought, or you can just work on a single topic.Īdvanced Algorithm: This random idea creator is developed with the most advanced algorithm to generate unique and incredibly relatable topic words. This Random Topic Generator generates topic words just with a click. So, Randomready is here to help you with your ideas resurface. We understand how difficult it is to come up with new ideas when you are in writer’s block. ![]() ![]() ![]() You can also generate decimals (up to two decimal places) - to do that change the "type of number(s)" setting. If you want to exclude them, click "advanced mode" (below the "Result" field), and you'll see the option to exclude one or both. (Make sure the "autosave" option is turned on by clicking the floppy disk icon next to the "Minimum value" and "Maximum value" fields).īy default, minimum and maximum values are included in the range of numbers generated. To generate again, click the arrow below the "Result" field. You need to choose 5 numbers from a pool of 1 to 49 without duplicates.If you want to generate one random number, choose a number that will be the lower limit (the minimum value), and then pick a number that will be the upper limit (the maximum value). ![]() You want to generate numbers for lottery tickets. Random number generator 1 to 100 Example: Lottery Number Generator ![]() Say you want randomly select one number from 1 to 10, like drawing a number out of a hat. Randomize the order of a set of numbers, 1 to 10 Example: Randomly Choose One Number From a Range of Numbers You want to shuffle them into a random order of selection for an event.Ĭhoose the following settings to randomize order of selection: Say you have a group of 10 people represented by the numbers 1 to 10. Generate a 6 digit PIN without duplicates Example: Randomize a Set of Numbers To generate a 6-digit PIN with or without duplicate digits choose the following settings: You can also order your random numbers ascending, lowest to highest or descending, highest to lowest.Īnd letters in a random character set? See the CalculatorSoup ® Random Number and Letter Set Generator.Įxample: Generate a Random Number to Use as a Sort numbers? You can decide not to sort your random numbers.Yes the random number generator may produce a duplicate number in your set of numbers. No your random numbers will be unique and there is no chance of getting a duplicate number. How many numbers? Specify how many random numbers to generate.The random number(s) generated are selected from your range of numbers, with the min and max numbers included. What is your range? Set a minimum number and a maximum number. ![]() This calculator uses a randomizing computer program to produce random numbers, so it is a pseudo-random number generator. A true random number generator receives information from these types of unpredictable events to produce a truly random number. Examples of such events are blips in atmospheric noise, or points at which a radioactive material decays. In other words, randomness from a computer program is not necessarily an organic, truly random event.Ī true random number generator (TRNG) relies on randomness from a physical event that is external to the computer and its operating system. These random number generators are pseudo-random because the computer program or algorithm may have unintended selection bias. There are two main types of random number generators: pseudo-random and true random.Ī pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) is typically programmed using a randomizing math function to select a "random" number within a set range. Generate positive or negative random numbers with repeats or no repeats. Generate one or more random numbers in your custom range from 0 to 10,000. ![]() ![]() So if you don’t want to switch between apps to get a variety of games, this app may not be for you.ĭownload it on Android Best app for playing Tripeaks Solitaireĭesigned by Supertreat, this highly rated app had 190,000 ratings in the Apple app store and another 1.27 million on the Google Play store. However, this app is devoted to Spider Solitaire. There are also daily challenges and themes for each month to keep the gameplay feeling fresh. This free app has an easy-to-use interface, and you can progress through new levels and earn titles based on your accomplishments. MobilityWare also produces a Spider Solitaire app, which has more than 630,000 ratings. Spider Solitaire: Card Game by MobilityWareĭownload it on Android Best app for playing Spider Solitaire So if you’re someone who likes to play a variety of Solitaire games on one app, this one might not be for you.ģ. As one of the best free Solitaire card games out there, it’s ideal for people who are only interested in the most popular solitaire game, Classic Klondike. ![]() This classic Solitaire card game boasts 1.5 million ratings and has been in the app store for more than 10 years. This Classic Solitaire app from MobilityWare is available for both mobile and computer uses. With this lineup of games, you'll never run out of things to do or customization options on this app.ĭownload it on Android Best app for playing Classic Solitaire You can even choose between classic as well as Vegas scoring to give your games even more variety. You'll be able to play 28 Solitaire game variants in 10 game types, from Klondike Solitaire to Spider to Freecell to Golf. Solitaire Bliss Collection by Mongoose Net Ltdĭownload it on Android Best app for playing multiple types of Solitaire gamesĭesigned by Mongoose Net Ltd., the Solitaire Bliss Collection is perfect for people who aren’t satisfied with just one type of Solitaire game and want to switch up game types without switching apps. Graphically beautiful and heavily customizable, Solitaire is free to play and accessible on a variety of mobile devices, computers, and operating systems. Solitaire not only helps you pass the time but also challenges you in a number of ways as you come up with creative strategies to get all your cards from the stockpile to the foundation pile. So we’ve done the heavy lifting for you and have chosen six of the best free Solitaire games for each of the categories above. You can find a lot of apps for Solitaire, and sifting through them all to find the best one can take longer than dealing out a new game of Solitaire. Best for playing Pyramid Solitaire: Pyramid Solitaire Saga by King.Best for playing Freecell Solitaire: FreeCell Solitaire Card Game By MobilityWare.Best for playing Tripeaks Solitaire: Solitaire Grand Harvest by SuperTreat.Best for playing Spider Solitaire: Spider Solitaire: Card Game by MobilityWare. ![]() Best for playing Classic Solitaire: Solitaire by MobilityWare.Best for playing multiple types of Solitaire: Solitaire Bliss by Mongoose Net Ltd.In this guide, we show you the best Solitaire card games available on iOS and Android, and each of them are categorized by versions of Solitaire. Whether you’re looking for a new app that provides the same Solitaire experience you get with physical cards or just want to play a specific Solitaire game, like Yukon, Forty Thieves, or Canfield, we have you covered. And the best part: You don’t have to set up a Solitaire game yourself! The app does it for you. Playing solitaire is a great way to pass the time, but what do you do if you don’t have a deck of playing cards or enough space to play? You use smartphones, an iPad, or a computer, of course. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It’s also a great game for parents to play with their children, as a way to boost word knowledge. ![]() So whether you play it alone or with friends by your side, you’ll surely have enjoy some good moments. Nevertheless, the board game works offline and is a true classic that boasts a fun learning experience. One of the biggest limitations of the game is that you can only play the game against the computer. You should, however, avoid playing the game in full-screen mode as sometimes the edges get blurred. Since the swap is random, there is no way you can cheat against the computer. However, if you can’t make a word using the assigned tiles, you can easily swap them for others. It also lets you place the tile on the board and calculates the points you will get if you decide to play the letters.Īnother advantage of playing the game on your PC is that you get a set number of tiles per turn. Winning may not be easy, but the in-built dictionary lets you check words before you submit them. An addition to the game is the presence of background music, which can help you relax while you spend a few hours beating the computer. Scrabble Windows comes with a range of features that make playing the game quite fun. Your goal is to create a word using tiles that offer you the maximum value. This is quite helpful as each letter contains a value, which is then added to the total value of a word or words created, both horizontally and vertically. The app automatically calculates the exact number of points received in each turn. When you play Scrabble on your computer, you don’t have to worry about keeping score. And third, you must ensure that the words that you place earn you the maximum points. Secondly, each letter that you place must fit into words already played. The tiles already on the grid act as a framework for other words that you form. For starters, the first challenge is to pick and arrange tiles in a crossword format, from left to right or top to bottom. If you wish to win the game, you have to use a lot of strategies. Once launched, it opens to a big screen with bright and beautiful colors and is a game suitable for both children and adults. The app is easy to maneuver and doesn’t require much computer knowledge. It’s quite lightweight and works on all Windows versions, including Windows 7. The Windows edition of Scrabble is based on Mattel Scrabble Original and follows all the same rules. ![]() ![]() ![]() An ectomorph has a hard time adding mass to its long and lean build, but naturally carries less fat than other somatotypes. The ectomorph body type is your stereotypical self-proclaimed hard gainer. Now that we have discussed the history of somatotypes, let us examine the three pure somatotypes - the ectomorph, the mesomorph, and the endomorph. He likely designed this system after receiving a critique someone may exhibit characteristics of more than one somatotype. Each digit, based on predefined criteria, ranges from 1 to 7 where a pure ectomorph is 1-1-7, a pure mesomorph is 1-7-1, and pure endomorph is 7-1-1. He offered a three-digit scaling system to determine someone's somatotype. Sheldon further expanded on this concept of body types in his 1954 book entitled Atlas of Men. Related: Maximize Your Gains With Best-Selling MTS Whey Protein Powderĭr. His studies yielded three primary body types called somatotypes - ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph.Įach somatotype was said to have unique characteristics that may influence an individual's preferred form of physical activity based on their strengths and weaknesses. In the 1940's, William Sheldon, PhD, MD, attempted to group individuals based on bone structure and weight distribution. In this article, we will dig a bit deeper into the differences in body types, take a more detailed look at their bone structure, and dive into fat and muscle distribution. We want to help you figure out where you fit into the main body types: endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. Every person has a unique body, but there are some main characteristics across them all. Am J Med Sci 2019 357(2):116−123.Next time you step into the gym, stop, look around, and examine the body types utilizing each area of the gym. Body Adiposity Index and Body Roundness Index in Identifying Insulin Resistance Among Adults Without Diabetes. A body shape index and body roundness index: two new body indices to identify diabetes mellitus among rural populations in northeast China. hang Y, Guo X, Chen Y, Guo L, Li Z, Yu S et al. ![]() Capacity of a body shape index and body roundness index to identify diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese people in Northeast China: a cross- sectional study Diabet. Entering a New Era of Body Indices: The Feasibility of a Body Shape Index and Body Roundness Index to Identify Cardiovascular Health Status. Maessen MFH, Eijsvogels TMH, Verheggen RJHM, Hopman MTE, Verbeek ALM, et al.New anthropometric indices or old ones: which perform better in estimating cardiovascular risks in Chinese adults. Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model. 5 BRI was also found to predict coronary heart disease risk in Chinese males and females. 4,6,7 However, the BRI was found to be superior to the BMI and is an alternative index for assessing diabetes in people in Northeast China. 1,2 The BRI is able to determine the presence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes but not superior to BMI, waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio. The BRI was found to correlate well with measurements taken by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. The BRI outputs a graph of body shape with reference to a healthy zone. The BRI ranges between 1 to 20 (1 = narrow body, 20 = more round). The estimated body fat percentage and visceral adipose tissue (belly fat) are also shown. ![]() The displayed graph then shows your body shape (in black) alongside a reference body shape covering the healthy range (in green). The calculator below helps determine the roundness of your body shape from your height, waist and hip circumference. ASK ABOUT OUR COMPREHENSIVE VERSION OF THE BODY ROUNDNESS INDEX CALCULATORīody Roundness Index (BRI) is an innovative health metric that can provide genuine insight based on a few quick measurements. ![]() ![]() ![]() Tip: Before you rasterize your text to work on it in Procreate, duplicate your text layer and keep a working type layer to easily make changes when you need to. When you are done with adding alternative glyphs you can close and expand Procreate to style and continue working on your design. I’m going to follow steps 3 to 4 again to add an (s) with a swash. This will automatically paste the new Glyph we copied. The text options box will pop up, from there tap on “Paste”. This will copy the Glyph as a working text that you can paste into Procreate.Īfter the Glyph has been copied, tap on the text box in Procreate and then tap 2 times (Not double-tap) where you want to place the new glyph. From the options select “Share Glyph”.Ī new window will pop up, from the options tap on “Copy”. To copy the glyph tap on the share icon at the top right corner. The next step is to copy the glyph from Unicode Character Viewer and paste it into my Procreate text. With my split-screen, I’m going to look for an alternate glyph for the capital letter D and tap on it. To make this easier to see all Glyphs available and quickly add these to Procreate, I’m going to make it a split-screen between Unicode Character Viewer and Procreate. From there tap on the font name you want to use and it will display a character Glyph map. ![]() ![]() Tap on “Browse Fonts” which is the first option you see. To see alternate Glyphs for your font open Unicode Character Viewer. Once you are done making the changes tap on “Done”. You can also change your font “Design” like the size, spacing, and opacity. Below “Font” scroll and find the font you want to use. You will now see a new font options panel showing at the bottom of your screen. A text options box will pop up above your text, tap on the font name (My default font is Eina 01). To change the default font of your text, double tap on the text (it will be highlighted blue). Type out the word or phrase you want to add alternate Glyphs to. You can add text by tapping on the Actions (Wrench) icon at the top left of your toolbar. ![]() With our canvas open, the first step we are going to take is to add text. With the app and our font installed, let’s get started and add Alternative Glyphs in Procreate. In this tutorial, we will be using an elegant script font called Memories. If you are looking for ways to use Glyphs on other platforms, we also have tutorials on how to use Alternate Glyphs with Windows, and how to use Glyphs on Mac. Unfortunately, alternate Glyphs can’t be accessed directly within Procreate (but we sure hope they add an update for that). But, how exactly do you use alternate Glyphs in Procreate? I’m going to show you how you can do just that with an App called Unicode Character Viewer for $0.99. You’ve found a beautiful Script font with loads of swashes and alternate Glyphs. ![]() ![]() His roundups of new features in Windows 10 updates have been called "the most detailed, useful Windows version previews of anyone on the web" and covered by prominent Windows journalists like Paul Thurrott and Mary Jo Foley on TWiT's Windows Weekly. Instructional tutorials he's written have been linked to by organizations like The New York Times, Wirecutter, Lifehacker, the BBC, CNET, Ars Technica, and John Gruber's Daring Fireball. The news he's broken has been covered by outlets like the BBC, The Verge, Slate, Gizmodo, Engadget, TechCrunch, Digital Trends, ZDNet, The Next Web, and Techmeme. Beyond the column, he wrote about everything from Windows to tech travel tips. He founded PCWorld's "World Beyond Windows" column, which covered the latest developments in open-source operating systems like Linux and Chrome OS. He also wrote the USA's most-saved article of 2021, according to Pocket.Ĭhris was a PCWorld columnist for two years. ![]() Beyond the web, his work has appeared in the print edition of The New York Times (September 9, 2019) and in PCWorld's print magazines, specifically in the August 2013 and July 2013 editions, where his story was on the cover. ![]() With over a decade of writing experience in the field of technology, Chris has written for a variety of publications including The New York Times, Reader's Digest, IDG's PCWorld, Digital Trends, and MakeUseOf. Chris has personally written over 2,000 articles that have been read more than one billion times-and that's just here at How-To Geek. ![]() Chris Hoffman is the former Editor-in-Chief of How-To Geek. ![]() ![]() ![]() Enjoy Free Shipping on most stuff, even big stuff. Shop Wayfair for all the best Modern & Contemporary Motion Sensor Outdoor Lights. Motion sensor lights are a great addition to any home or outdoor space, providing convenience, security, and energy efficiency.However, it’s important to know how to properly adjust these lights to ensure they are working optimally. Some models provide coverage up to 270 degrees. So let’s dive into this a little further and explore: The benefits of adding motion sensors to outdoor lights Whether it’s possible to add motion sensors to porch lights How to wire motion detectors to existing light fixtures. ![]() These bulbs light automatically when they perceive motion using infrared waves that radiate from moving objects like people, animals and cars. When they get within range of the motion sensors, the. ![]() *Valid until - the following minimum purchase values apply: 10% off on orders over €109 & 14% off on orders over €179 - minimum purchase value = value of the goods kept and paid for - use the voucher code WINTER-IE and you will automatically receive the higher discount depending on your basket value - voucher only valid once per customer and order - discount cannot be used alongside any other voucher code promotions - the voucher can only be redeemed at online checkout - the following brands are excluded: &Tradition, ABUS, Anglepoise, ARLO, Artemide, AwoX, Axo Light, Baulmann, BANKAMP, Beacon Lighting, Berliner Messinglampen, BOPP, Bover, Casa Fan, CMD, Domus, David Trubridge, Decor Walther, Eglo connect, Engel, Escale, Eufy, EVE, Faro Barcelona, Fatboy, FLOS, Fontana Arte, Foscarini, FRANDSEN, Fritz Hansen, GRIMMEISEN LICHT, GUBI, HEAVN, HerzBlut, Holtkötter, ICONE, Idual, Ingo Maurer, Innr Lighting, Jieldé, Kartell, Knapstein, LE KLINT, Ledvance Smart +, LiquidBeam, Louis Poulsen, Luceplan, Luke Roberts, LZF LAMPS, Marchetti, Marset, Masiero, Menu, Midgard, Nanoleaf, Nemo, OLIGO, Oluce, Ozonos, Philips, Philips Hue, PURE, Q-Smart-Home, Rotaliana, Schellenberg, Senic, Serien Lighting, Steinel, Tado°, Tecnolumen, Tint, Twinkly, UMAGE, Westinghouse, WiZ and YOUVEE. Alger 100 LED Solar Power Wall Lights Outdoor Security Light with Motion Sensor for Garden Garage. Motion-sensor flood lights are designed to brightly illuminate dark places when something or someone comes near. Black Farmhouse 150-Degree Motion Sensor Outdoor 1-Light Wall Sconce. Adding a motion sensor is just like adding a switch it will break the circuit until the motion is detected. Go old-school with Sengled Smartsense Outdoor LED Motion Sensor Bulbs that simply screw right into your home’s existing light fixtures. Many people get garden pests such as skunks and rabbits that can cause damage to the lawn or outdoor area. Please copy the voucher code, go to the basket and paste it into the voucher code box. ![]() ![]() ![]() The ransoming of prisoners was the only way for medieval soldiers to make a quick fortune, and so they seized every available opportunity to capture opponents who could be exchanged for handsome prices.īowman were not valuable prisoners, though: they stood outside the chivalric system and were considered the social inferiors of men-at-arms. Medieval warriors didn't take prisoners because by doing so they were observing a moral code that dictated opponents who had laid down their arms and ceased fighting must be treated humanely, but because they knew high-ranking captives were valuable property that could be ransomed for money. These heralds were not part of the participating armies, but were, as military expert John Keegan describes, members of an "international corporation of experts who regulated civilized warfare." Several heralds, both French and English, were present at the battle of Agincourt, and not one of them (or any later chroniclers of Agincourt) mentioned anything about the French having cut off the fingers of captured English bowman.Īnd for a variety of reasons, it made no military sense whatsoever for the French to capture English archers, then mutilate them by cutting off their fingers. Battles were observed and chronicled by heralds who were present at the scene and recorded what they saw, judged who won, and fixed names for the battles. Despite the lack of motion pictures and television way back in the 15th century, the details of medieval battles such as the one at Agincourt in 1415 did not go unrecorded. The military aspects of this account are similarly specious. The insulting gesture of extending one's middle finger (referred to as digitus impudicus in Latin) originated long before the Battle of Agincourt.Īnd although the precise etymology of the English word fuck is still a matter of debate, it is linguistically nonsensical to maintain that that word entered the language because the "difficult consonant cluster at the beginning" of the phase 'pluck yew' has "gradually changed to a labiodental fricative 'f.'" A labiodental fricative was no less "difficult" for Middle English speakers to pronounce than the aspirated bilabial stop/voiceless lateral combination of 'pl' that the fricative supposedly changed into, nor are there any other examples of such a pronunciation shift occurring in English. ![]() ![]() The basic premise that the origins of the one-finger gesture and its association with the profane word "fuck" were an outgrowth of the 1415 battle between French and English forces at Agincourt is simple enough to debunk. It is also because of the pheasant feathers on the arrows that the symbolic gesture is known as "giving the bird". Since 'pluck yew' is rather difficult to say (like "pleasant mother pheasant plucker", which is who you had to go to for the feathers used on the arrows), the difficult consonant cluster at the beginning has gradually changed to a labiodental fricative 'f', and thus the words often used in conjunction with the one-finger-salute are mistakenly thought to have something to do with an intimate encounter. Over the years some 'folk etymologies' have grown up around this symbolic gesture. Thus, when the victorious English waved their middle fingers at the defeated French, they said, "See, we can still pluck yew! PLUCK YEW!" This famous weapon was made of the native English yew tree, and so the act of drawing the longbow was known as "plucking yew". The body part which the French proposed to cut off of the English after defeating them was, of course, the middle finger, without which it is impossible to draw the renowned English longbow. The puzzler was: What was this body part? This is the answer submitted by a listener:ĭear Click and Clack, Thank you for the Agincourt 'Puzzler', which clears up some profound questions of etymology, folklore and emotional symbolism. The English won in a major upset and waved the body part in question at the French in defiance. ![]() The French, who were overwhelmingly favored to win the battle, threatened to cut a certain body part off of all captured English soldiers so that they could never fight again. The 'Car Talk' show (on NPR) with Click and Clack, the Tappet Brothers have a feature called the 'Puzzler', and their most recent 'Puzzler' was about the Battle of Agincourt. Nonetheless, so many readers have forwarded it to us accompanied by an "Is this true?" query that we are duty bound to provide a bit of historical and linguistic information demonstrating why this anecdote couldn't possibly be accurate: An account purporting to offer the historical origins of the obscene middle-finger extended hand gesture (varously known as "flipping the bird," "flipping someone off," or the "one-finger salute") is silly, and so obviously a joke that shouldn't need any debunking. ![]() |
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